London is the largest urban area and
capital of England and the United Kingdom. At its core, the ancient City
of London, to which the name historically belongs, still retains its
limited mediaeval boundaries; but since at least the 19th century the
name "London" has also referred to the whole metropolis which has
developed around it. Today the bulk of this conurbation forms the London
region of England and the Greater London administrative area, with its
own elected mayor and assembly.
An important settlement for two millennia, London's history goes back to
its founding by the Romans. Since its settlement, London has been the
centre of many important movements and phenomena throughout history such
as the English Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the Gothic
Revival. In light of this, the city has become one of the most popular
tourist destinations in the world which has increased over the years due
to the city's economic growth. London boasts four World Heritage Sites;
these are Palace of Westminster, the Tower of London, the historic
settlement of Greenwich, and the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It is one
of the world's leading business, financial, and cultural centres, and
its influence in politics, education, entertainment, media, fashion and
the arts all contribute to its status as a major global city.
London has an official population of 7,512,400 (as of mid-2006) within
the boundaries of Greater London and is the most populous municipality
in the European Union. The urban area of London extends beyond the
limits of Greater London and has a population of 8,278,251 (as of 2001).
The metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of between 12
and 14 million. London's diverse population draws from a wide range of
peoples, cultures, and religions, and over 300 different languages are
spoken within the city. It is an international transport hub, with five
major international airports serving the area and a large port. It
serves as the largest aviation hub in the world, and the multi-terminal
Heathrow Airport carries more international passengers than any other
airport in the world.